00:20:04 Jo Burgess: Morning, all! 00:20:45 Valerie Naidoo: hi Jo. Hope you well. 00:20:45 Henry Roman DSI: Morning Jo 00:20:52 Henry Roman DSI: Morning Valerie 00:21:03 Valerie Naidoo: morning henry 00:21:04 Henry Roman DSI: Morning to everyone else, too 00:21:18 Jo Burgess: Yes, thanks, all well. Good to see you! :-) 00:21:19 Raldo Kruger (GreenCape): Morning everyone and welcome. Please add your organisation / company name in brackets after your name. 00:23:38 mulalo davhana: Morning everyone , will the presentation be shared , or do we get an option to download it somewhere 00:26:01 Raldo Kruger (GreenCape): Yes, we'll share the presentations afterwards. 00:56:05 Claire Pengelly (GreenCape): A reminder to please post your questions into the chat 00:56:36 Wesley Potts: 1. When can brine be injected back in the ground? 00:57:13 Wesley Potts: 2. Can brine sent to landfill be packed in well sealed containers to prevent its leaching? 00:57:19 alan Sarkis: How many industries are ready for the new 2021 legislation? 00:57:37 Taahirah Ghoor (GreenCape): 4. Did you look at construction processes like roads and buildings, or just the construction materials? 00:58:58 mulalo davhana: if it is sent in containers you will have to encapsulate it 00:59:26 Tony Laughton: What prevents existing coastal discharge facilities from receiving tankered brine for discharge? Are these obstacles able to be overcome? 01:01:55 mulalo davhana: Hi sam 01:02:10 mulalo davhana: i can answer 01:02:31 Arjan van 't Zelfde (Digby Wells Environmental): Has the option of discharging brine or concentrates to closed underground mines been considered? 01:02:43 Bradley Thorpe: The macro-encapsulation of waste to landfill is prohibited in August 2021 under GN R 636 01:04:27 Jo Burgess (Isle): Discharging to mine voids is often considered but it is very complicated; you have to be sure the brine will not leach or react with the underground geological chemicals and water. 01:05:08 Merlijn van Selm: What barriers are there producing sea salt for human consumption from the brine? 01:10:44 mulalo davhana (Enviroserve): there are other dissolved metals in the brine Merlijn 01:11:20 mulalo davhana (Enviroserve): Even though the key word is salt but there is a whole lot of contaminants in the solution, 01:11:44 Merlijn van Selm: Thank you Mulalo. Is that a result of RO technology? As I suppose these are not present in (high) concentrations in seawater 01:13:01 mulalo davhana (Enviroserve): i speak under correction, but one can say it is a result of treating waste water, to purify the water you must concentrate all the solids in the initial feed water, hence he said not all brine are made equal lol 01:20:32 Taahirah Ghoor (GreenCape): Merlijn my understanding is that the dissolved metals come from treating groundwater and not sea water. Treating groundwater to potable level has become increasingly popular since the drought. However brine management is the biggest challenge. 01:22:53 Mark Middelhoven (Flexim): Injection into deep saline reservoirs would seems to be an alternative especially for inland areas. This is used extensively in the US to dispose of brines generated through fraccing. Are there any studies to see if this is geologically feasible? 01:23:00 mulalo davhana (ENVIROSERV WASTE MANAGEMENT): The issue is that most treatment plant were developed during the time when disposal of the waste was not an issue, however recent stringent changes in legislation , introduced another challenge wher the disposal of the brines is accounting for a huge cost. if a solution must be found it must BEGIN at the design phase of these treatment plants 01:34:41 mulalo davhana (ENVIROSERV WASTE MANAGEMENT): Mark Middelhoven , thank you will try to investigate this especially from a sustainability point of view. 01:37:27 mulalo davhana (ENVIROSERV WASTE MANAGEMENT): Awesome panel thanks greencape 01:40:58 mulalo davhana (ENVIROSERV WASTE MANAGEMENT): Question to Mechinox , wouldn't the evaporation units still have "bottoms" concentrated saline sludge as well ? 01:41:10 Ntobeko Boyana (Ben Peta Green Materials): Forrester can you please switch off your screen sharing 01:44:56 Bradley Thorpe: It appears that the landfill disposal of some salt concentrates from treatment plants may still be a required LAST RESORT in some instances post August 2021. Perhaps we need to reconsider more robust legislation governing the conditions and parameters under which this could occur and still afford a necessary level of environmental protection (as opposed to a blanket prohibition)? 01:50:49 mulalo davhana (ENVIROSERV WASTE MANAGEMENT): Bradley i am a bit lost , please elaborate , are you against the blanket prohibition? 01:50:57 Taahirah Ghoor (GreenCape): Bradley I assume that the concern around salt concentrates disposal would be leachate caused by rain, unless it is encapsulated? So do we need to relook at brine disposal or encapsulation legislation? 01:52:32 Mark Middelhoven (Flexim): are brines incompatible with disposal alongside other hazardous wastes that already have robust linings? 01:52:46 Bradley Thorpe: I am speaking to potentially re-visiting legislation to achieve the same intended outcome and environmental protection. 01:59:03 Ntobeko Boyana (Ben Peta Green Materials): My question to the panel is: in light of the water crisis in SA, under capacity of our Waste water Treatment Works and high cost of desalination (which produces brine) what are your thoughts on having wastewater as a legislated alternative at a policy level as part of water management and use in South Africa? 02:03:22 Taahirah Ghoor (GreenCape): Nigel what other salt reuse opportunities have you explored? Before you came to landfill as a final option? 02:05:45 Jo Burgess (Isle): Thermal evaporation to raise the temperature of brine from e.g. 25 deg C to 100 deg C is much more energy-hungry than freeze desalination to drop the temperature from 25 to 0 deg C 02:10:12 Mark Middelhoven (Flexim): I would need to check the thermodynamics but from memory you need to cool to well below 0 degC to achieve crystallisation circa -20degC. that said with the proliferation of LNG projects maybe the costs of these types of cooling systems will come down. 02:10:57 mulalo davhana (ENVIROSERV WASTE MANAGEMENT): Yes Mark you are cooling below 0 deg , 02:12:12 Nigel Bester (Interwaste): Hi Taahirah - We are in the process of aligning reuse options per waste stream based on the process that generates the brine and the final chemical characteristics combined with the volumes generated. High quality salt is the easiest to reuse as a food product if the process components are food grade, additionally as salt for resin regeneration, there are many but it is a case by case basis. A long discussion can possibly have a separate discussion on? 02:17:05 Alison Lewis (University of Cape Town): Alison.Lewis@uct.ac.za for Eutectic Freeze Info 02:17:21 Jane Reddick (GreenCape): jane@greencape.co.za 02:18:59 Valerie Naidoo (WRC): thank you. Great webinar 02:19:13 Jo Burgess (Isle): Thanks!